Provide access to hardware-based compute accelerators such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). [Source: AWS]

Big data analytics is the often complex process of examining large and varied data sets, or big data, to uncover information -- such as hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends and customer preferences -- that can help organizations make informed business decisions. [Source: TechTarget]

Work with IoT data faster to extract value from your IoT data. [Source: AWS]

Application Services (often used instead of application management services or application services management) are a pool of services such as load balancing, application performance monitoring, application acceleration, autoscaling, micro‑segmentation, service proxy and service discovery needed to optimally deploy, run and improve applications. [Source: Avi]

Authentication is a key mechanism for information security that establish proof of identities to get access of information in the system. Authorization is an important identity service to avoid unauthorized access to cloud resources. [Source: Pratiba, et al]

Automated machine learning (AutoML) is the process of automating the process of applying machine learning to real-world problems. AutoML covers the complete pipeline from the raw dataset to the deployable machine learning model. AutoML was proposed as an artificial intelligence-based solution to the ever-growing challenge of applying machine learning. [Source: Wikipedia]

Batch data processing is an efficient way of processing high volumes of data is where a group of transactions is collected over a period of time. Data is collected, entered, processed and then the batch results are produced (Hadoop is focused on batch data processing). Batch processing requires separate programs for input, process and output. [Source: Data Science Central]

A multi-cloud governance service that provides cost monitoring, accounting, optimization, and security monitoring capabilities for CloudBank.

Big data is a combination of structured, semistructured and unstructured data collected by organizations that can be mined for information and used in machine learning projects, predictive modeling and other advanced analytics applications. [Source: TechTarget]. Big data analytics is the often complex process of examining large and varied data sets, or big data, to uncover information -- such as hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends and customer preferences -- that can help organizations make informed business decisions.[Source: TechTarget]

A Billing Account is a method of tracking spend within a specific public cloud. It is linked to a single fund with one or more users. Use more than one Billing Account per cloud only when you need to track spend separately. You may create a new Billing Account on a different public cloud at anytime. Note that users cannot see/manage services between different Billing Accounts without special roles being added so only create Billing Accounts when no sharing is needed or if you are an advanced user.

Block storage is an approach to data storage in which each storage volume acts as an individual hard drive that is configured by the storage administrator. In the block storage model, data is saved to the storage media in fixed-sized chunks called blocks. Each block is associated with a unique address, and the address is the only metadata assigned to each block. [Source: TechTarget]

A federated identity management service that enables researchers to use their home organization identities to access research applications, rather than requiring yet another username and password to log on. More Information.

Cold storage is a computer system or mode of operation designed for the retention of inactive data. [Source: TechTarget]

Accessing Cloud resources, tools, and services from a command-line interface.

Cloud Computing Services provide information technology (IT) as a service over the Internet or dedicated network, with delivery on demand, and payment based on usage. Cloud computing services range from full applications and development platforms, to servers, storage, and virtual desktops. [Source: Dell]

Compute optimized instances are ideal for compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors. [Source: AWS]

Secure, control, and manage your devices from the cloud. [Source: AWS]

Accessing Cloud services from programming APIs and console.

A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. [Source: Docker]

A content delivery network, or content distribution network (CDN), is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers. [Source: Wikipedia]

A data set is a collection of related, discrete items of related data that may be accessed individually or in combination or managed as a whole entity. [Source: TechTarget]

A database can be defined as a shared collection of interrelated data designed to meet the varied information needs of an organisation. [Source: McFadden and Hoffer]

Dedicated Interconnect provides direct physical connections between your on-premises network and a Cloud's network. [Source: Google]

Deep cold storage is a storage location for data that will probably not be accessed again, but must be kept in case of a compliance audit or some other business reason. [Source: TechTarget]

Cloud deployment refers to the enablement of SaaS (software as a service), PaaS (platform as a service) or IaaS (infrastructure as a service) solutions that may be accessed on demand by end users or consumers. [Source: Atos]

Specialized hardware for IoT devices.

Connect your devices and operate them at the edge. [Source: AWS]

A document database is a type of nonrelational database that is designed to store and query data as JSON-like documents. [Source: Amazon]

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. [Source: Wikipedia]

Extract, transform, load (ETL) is the general procedure of copying data from one or more sources into a destination system which represents the data differently from the source(s) or in a different context than the source(s). [Source: Wikipedia]

File storage, also called file-level or file-based storage, stores data in a hierarchical structure. [Source: TechTarget]

No charge for notebook hosting.

A fully managed machine learning service provides developers and data scientists with the ability to build, train, and deploy machine learning (ML) models quickly. [Source: AWS]

An allocation of dollars to a PI and one or more Co-PIs for a specific project or award to be spent on one or more Public Clouds. For NSF awardees, a CloudBank fund is created for each of your NSF awards that have a CloudBank budget.

An entity (e.g., agency or university) that banks money at CloudBank for use on Public Clouds. A funder will be able to allocate funds to PIs for use of a specific project or award.

General purpose instances provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources, and can be used for a variety of workloads. [Source: AWS]

A graph database (GDB) is a database that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. [Source: Wikipedia]

A computer hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile memory hardware device that controls the positioning, reading and writing of the hard disk, which furnishes data storage. [Source: TechTarget]

Compute tasks that are easily broken into parallel non-communicating jobs to be disseminated across multiple virtual machines.

High durability, availability, and performance object storage for frequently accessed data [Source: AWS]

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. [Source: TechTarget]

Identity and Access Management (IAM) enables you to manage access to Cloud services and resources securely. Using IAM, you can create and manage users and groups, and use permissions to allow and deny their access to Cloud resources. 

An in-memory database is a type of nonrelational database that relies primarily on memory for data storage, in contrast to databases that store data on disk or SSDs. In-memory databases are designed to attain minimal response time by eliminating the need to access disks. [Source: Amazon]

The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. [Source: Wikipedia]

A key-value database is a type of nonrelational database that uses a simple key-value method to store data. A key-value database stores data as a collection of key-value pairs in which a key serves as a unique identifier. [Source: Amazon]

A NoSQL database that provides an immutable, transparent, and cryptographically verifiable transaction log ‎owned by a central authority. [Source: Medium]

Load balancing is defined as the methodical and efficient distribution of network or application traffic across multiple servers in a server farm. Each load balancer sits between client devices and backend servers, receiving and then distributing incoming requests to any available server capable of fulfilling them. [Source: Citrix]

Cloud logging services aim to make everything easier to manage by providing an interface through which your logs are routed so that the data they contain can be more easily sorted and subjected to reporting and analytics for information. [Source: TechRadar]

Machine learning (ML) is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead. It is seen as a subset of artificial intelligence. [Source: Wikipedia]

Batch processing is defined as the processing of a finite amount of data without interaction or interruption. [Source: Spring.io]

Services to help you manage your cloud resources.

A cloud marketplace provides customers with access to software applications and services that are built on, integrate with or complement the cloud provider's offerings. A marketplace typically provides customers with native cloud applications and approved apps created by third-party developers. [Source: TechTarget]

Memory optimized instances are designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large data sets in memory. [Source: AWS]

Messaging is the exchange of message s (specially-formatted data describing events, requests, and replies) to a messaging server , which acts as a message exchange program for client programs. [Source: TechTarget]

Cloud monitoring is the process of evaluating, monitoring, and managing cloud-based services, applications, and infrastructure. [Source: Stackify]

Natural Language Processing, usually shortened as NLP, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural language. [Source: Medium]

Networking is the interconnection of multiple devices, generally termed as Hosts connected using multiple paths for the purpose of sending/receiving data or media. [Source: GeeksforGeeks]

The Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations and narrative text. Uses include: data cleaning and transformation, numerical simulation, statistical modeling, data visualization, machine learning, and much more. [Source: Jupyter]

Object storage, also called object-based storage, is an approach to addressing and manipulating data storage as discrete units, called objects. Objects are kept inside a single repository, and are not nested as files inside a folder inside other folders. [Source: TechTarget]

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model in which a third-party provider delivers hardware and software tools -- usually those needed for application development -- to users over the internet. [Source: TechTarget]

Accessing Cloud resources, services, and tools from programming APIs.

A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables. [Source: Oracle]

Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model in which the cloud provider runs the server, and dynamically manages the allocation of machine resources. Pricing is based on the actual amount of resources consumed by an application, rather than on pre-purchased units of capacity. [Source: Wikipedia]

Speech recognition is an interdisciplinary subfield of computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers. It is also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR), computer speech recognition or speech to text (STT). [Source: Wikipedia]

Cloud consumers bid on spare resources and employ them whenever the bid exceeds the current spot price, while the employed service will be interrupted when the spot price exceeds the current bid. [Source: Li, et. al.]

A storage device containing nonvolatile flash memory, used in place of a hard disk because of its much greater speed. [Source: Lexico]

Cloud storage is a service model in which data is transmitted and stored on remote storage systems, where it is maintained, managed, backed up and made available to users over a network (typically the internet). [Source: TechTarget]

Storage optimized instances are designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to very large data sets on local storage. They are optimized to deliver tens of thousands of low-latency, random I/O operations per second (IOPS) to applications. [Source: AWS]

Data ingestion is the transportation of data from assorted sources to a storage medium where it can be accessed, used, and analyzed by an organization. The destination is typically a data warehouse, data mart, database, or a document store. [Source: Stitch]

Stream Processing is a Big data technology. It is used to query continuous data stream and detect conditions, quickly, within a small time period from the time of receiving the data. The detection time period varies from few milliseconds to minutes. [Source: Medium]

A time series database (TSDB) is a software system that is optimized for storing and serving time series through associated pairs of time(s) and value(s). [Source: Wikipedia]

Machine Translation (MT) is a subfield of computational linguistics that is focused on translating text from one language to another. [Source: Medium]

Video content analysis (also video content analytics, VCA) is the capability of automatically analyzing video to detect and determine temporal and spatial events. [Source: Wikipedia]

A virtual network connects virtual machines and devices, no matter their location, using software. In a physical network, layer 2 and 3 functions of the OSI model happen within physical switches and routers. [Source: Vmware]

Computer Vision, often abbreviated as CV, is defined as a field of study that seeks to develop techniques to help computers “see” and understand the content of digital images such as photographs and videos. [Source: Machine Learning Mastery]

For data that is accessed less frequently, but requires rapid access when needed [Source: AWS]

Workflow orchestration empowers you to author, schedule, and monitor pipelines that span across clouds and on-premises data centers. [Source: Azure]