Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. [Source: TechTarget]

Cloud consumers bid on spare resources and employ them whenever the bid exceeds the current spot price, while the employed service will be interrupted when the spot price exceeds the current bid. [Source: Li, et. al.]

A cloud marketplace provides customers with access to software applications and services that are built on, integrate with or complement the cloud provider's offerings. A marketplace typically provides customers with native cloud applications and approved apps created by third-party developers. [Source: TechTarget]

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model in which a third-party provider delivers hardware and software tools -- usually those needed for application development -- to users over the internet. [Source: TechTarget]

A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. [Source: Docker]

Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model in which the cloud provider runs the server, and dynamically manages the allocation of machine resources. Pricing is based on the actual amount of resources consumed by an application, rather than on pre-purchased units of capacity. [Source: Wikipedia]

The Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations and narrative text. Uses include: data cleaning and transformation, numerical simulation, statistical modeling, data visualization, machine learning, and much more. [Source: Jupyter]

Batch processing is defined as the processing of a finite amount of data without interaction or interruption. [Source: Spring.io]

Block storage is an approach to data storage in which each storage volume acts as an individual hard drive that is configured by the storage administrator. In the block storage model, data is saved to the storage media in fixed-sized chunks called blocks. Each block is associated with a unique address, and the address is the only metadata assigned to each block. [Source: TechTarget]

Object storage, also called object-based storage, is an approach to addressing and manipulating data storage as discrete units, called objects. Objects are kept inside a single repository, and are not nested as files inside a folder inside other folders. [Source: TechTarget]

File storage, also called file-level or file-based storage, stores data in a hierarchical structure. [Source: TechTarget]

A virtual network connects virtual machines and devices, no matter their location, using software. In a physical network, layer 2 and 3 functions of the OSI model happen within physical switches and routers. [Source: Vmware]

Load balancing is defined as the methodical and efficient distribution of network or application traffic across multiple servers in a server farm. Each load balancer sits between client devices and backend servers, receiving and then distributing incoming requests to any available server capable of fulfilling them. [Source: Citrix]

Dedicated Interconnect provides direct physical connections between your on-premises network and a Cloud's network. [Source: Google]

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. [Source: Wikipedia]

A content delivery network, or content distribution network (CDN), is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers. [Source: Wikipedia]

Virtual private network (VPN) is a network architecture for virtually extending a private network (i.e. any computer network which is not the public Internet) across one or multiple other networks which are either untrusted (as they are not controlled by the entity aiming to implement the VPN) or need to be isolated (thus making the lower network invisible or not directly usable). [Wikipedia]

A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables. [Source: Oracle]

A key-value database is a type of nonrelational database that uses a simple key-value method to store data. A key-value database stores data as a collection of key-value pairs in which a key serves as a unique identifier. [Source: Amazon]

A NoSQL database that provides an immutable, transparent, and cryptographically verifiable transaction log ‎owned by a central authority. [Source: Medium]

An in-memory database is a type of nonrelational database that relies primarily on memory for data storage, in contrast to databases that store data on disk or SSDs. In-memory databases are designed to attain minimal response time by eliminating the need to access disks. [Source: Amazon]

A document database is a type of nonrelational database that is designed to store and query data as JSON-like documents. [Source: Amazon]

A graph database (GDB) is a database that uses graph structures for semantic queries with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. [Source: Wikipedia]

A time series database (TSDB) is a software system that is optimized for storing and serving time series through associated pairs of time(s) and value(s). [Source: Wikipedia]

A data set is a collection of related, discrete items of related data that may be accessed individually or in combination or managed as a whole entity. [Source: TechTarget]

Batch data processing is an efficient way of processing high volumes of data is where a group of transactions is collected over a period of time. Data is collected, entered, processed and then the batch results are produced (Hadoop is focused on batch data processing). Batch processing requires separate programs for input, process and output. [Source: Data Science Central]

Stream Processing is a Big data technology. It is used to query continuous data stream and detect conditions, quickly, within a small time period from the time of receiving the data. The detection time period varies from few milliseconds to minutes. [Source: Medium]

Data ingestion is the transportation of data from assorted sources to a storage medium where it can be accessed, used, and analyzed by an organization. The destination is typically a data warehouse, data mart, database, or a document store. [Source: Stitch]

Big data analytics is the often complex process of examining large and varied data sets, or big data, to uncover information -- such as hidden patterns, unknown correlations, market trends and customer preferences -- that can help organizations make informed business decisions. [Source: TechTarget]

Workflow orchestration empowers you to author, schedule, and monitor pipelines that span across clouds and on-premises data centers. [Source: Azure]

Extract, transform, load (ETL) is the general procedure of copying data from one or more sources into a destination system which represents the data differently from the source(s) or in a different context than the source(s). [Source: Wikipedia]

Speech recognition is an interdisciplinary subfield of computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers. It is also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR), computer speech recognition or speech to text (STT). [Source: Wikipedia]

Computer Vision, often abbreviated as CV, is defined as a field of study that seeks to develop techniques to help computers “see” and understand the content of digital images such as photographs and videos. [Source: Machine Learning Mastery]

Natural Language Processing, usually shortened as NLP, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural language. [Source: Medium]

Machine Translation (MT) is a subfield of computational linguistics that is focused on translating text from one language to another. [Source: Medium]

Video content analysis (also video content analytics, VCA) is the capability of automatically analyzing video to detect and determine temporal and spatial events. [Source: Wikipedia]

Automated machine learning (AutoML) is the process of automating the process of applying machine learning to real-world problems. AutoML covers the complete pipeline from the raw dataset to the deployable machine learning model. AutoML was proposed as an artificial intelligence-based solution to the ever-growing challenge of applying machine learning. [Source: Wikipedia]

A fully managed machine learning service provides developers and data scientists with the ability to build, train, and deploy machine learning (ML) models quickly. [Source: AWS]

Specialized hardware for IoT devices.

Connect your devices and operate them at the edge. [Source: AWS]

Secure, control, and manage your devices from the cloud. [Source: AWS]

Work with IoT data faster to extract value from your IoT data. [Source: AWS]

Messaging is the exchange of message s (specially-formatted data describing events, requests, and replies) to a messaging server , which acts as a message exchange program for client programs. [Source: TechTarget]

Cloud monitoring is the process of evaluating, monitoring, and managing cloud-based services, applications, and infrastructure. [Source: Stackify]

Cloud logging services aim to make everything easier to manage by providing an interface through which your logs are routed so that the data they contain can be more easily sorted and subjected to reporting and analytics for information. [Source: TechRadar]

Authentication is a key mechanism for information security that establish proof of identities to get access of information in the system. Authorization is an important identity service to avoid unauthorized access to cloud resources. [Source: Pratiba, et al]

Cloud deployment refers to the enablement of SaaS (software as a service), PaaS (platform as a service) or IaaS (infrastructure as a service) solutions that may be accessed on demand by end users or consumers. [Source: Atos]

Accessing Cloud resources, tools, and services from a command-line interface.

Accessing Cloud resources, services, and tools from programming APIs.